Under what condition can a lawyer reveal information relating to a former representation to the disadvantage of a former client?

The correct answer highlights the exceptions to the general rule of confidentiality that governs the relationship between a lawyer and a former client. According to professional ethics rules, confidentiality is a fundamental duty that attorneys owe to their clients, even after the attorney-client relationship has ended. However, there are specific exceptions that permit disclosure of information that would otherwise be confidential.

These exceptions can include circumstances where disclosure is necessary to protect the lawyer’s own interests, to comply with the law, or to prevent certain types of harm. For instance, if revealing the information is necessary to prevent an imminent crime or to inform authorities about illegal activities, the lawyer may disclose such information despite the general obligation to maintain confidentiality.

In situations where there is a clear ethical exception applicable, the attorney may properly disclose confidential information to the disadvantage of a former client without violating ethical standards. Hence, this option correctly reflects the balance between the duty of confidentiality and the necessity for disclosure under specific circumstances established by ethical rules.