Under what conditions may a lawyer pay a witness?

A lawyer may pay a witness under the specific conditions relating to travel expenses and reasonable fees for expert witnesses. This is consistent with ethical rules that allow compensation for necessary costs incurred by witnesses for their participation, as well as appropriate fees for experts who provide crucial testimony based on their specialized knowledge.

This approach ensures that witnesses are not financially burdened by their participation in legal proceedings and can appropriately compensate professionals like expert witnesses for their time, labor, and expertise. However, any compensation must be reasonable and transparent, aligning with the prevailing standards in the legal profession to ensure that the integrity of the witness’s testimony is maintained.

Other options present scenarios that fall outside ethical guidelines. For instance, paying a flat fee contingent on the outcome of a case can incentivize giving biased testimony, which compromises the integrity of the judicial process. Additional payments for positive testimony similarly pose a significant ethical issue as they could be seen as bribery or manipulation of the witness's testimony, undermining the truth-seeking function of the legal system.